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What causes Cerebral Palsy?

There are many different causes of cerebral palsy. Some are known, and some are unknown. We do know that cerebral palsy is caused by injury to the developing brain. The damage occurs before, during or just after birth.

Prenatal (Before Birth)

• Other cogenital malformations
• Cogenital infections (e.g. Rubella (German measles), Cytomegalovirus)
• Exposure to chemicals or toxins (e.g. alcohol, cocaine and crack)
• Prematurity or low birth weight
• Small placenta or inflammation of the placenta
  
• Twins or multiple births

Perinatal (During Birth)

• Premature separation of the placenta
• Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
• Cord prolapse
• Shoulder dystocia

Postnatal (After Birth)

• Asphyxia (secondary to choking or near drowning)
• Head injury
• Brain infections (e.g. meningitis and encephalitis)

The injury results in damage to the parts of the brain, which control movement, such as the motor cortex and the cerebellum.

One common risk factor for cerebral palsy is prematurity. Infants who are born very early (less than 35 weeks) often sustain damage to the areas of the brain that control motor function, and can develop cerebral palsy.

When your child comes to Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, you will meet a Developmental Pediatrician. This person has specialized knowledge and training in child development and neurology. They will confirm your child’s diagnosis of cerebral palsy, and will explore with you whether a cause can be determined in your child’s case.

One common misconception is that cerebral palsy is caused by a difficult birth. In fact, only a small fraction of cerebral palsy is related to birth events, and in almost all of these cases, even the best prenatal and obstetrical care could not have prevented the difficulties.

Back to Cerebral Palsy Guidebook

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